· · Cell Systems Article Personalized WholeCell Kinetic Models of Metabolism for Discovery in Genomics and Pharmacodynamics Aarash Bordbar,1,6 Douglas ,1 Daniel C. Zielinski,1 Nikolaus Sonnenschein,2 Neema Jamshidi,1,3,5,* and Bernhard O. Palsson1,2 4 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 .